Sophora japonica

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Huaihua

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Pagodatree Flower

Specific Name  : Flos sophorae

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in summer at flowering or when flower buds are forming, dried in time and removed from branch, pedicel and foreign mater. The former is known as "Huaihua" and the later "Huaimi"

Description  : Huaihua: Crumpled and rolled, petals mostly fallen off when whole, calyx campanulate, yellowish green, 5 lobed at the apex, petals 5, yellow or yellowish white, 1 larger, subrounded, the apex retuse, the other 4 oblong, stamens 10, 9 accreted at the base, filaments slender. Pistil cylindrical, curved, texture light, odorless, taste slightly bitter.Huaimi: Ovoid and ellipsoidal, 2 - 3mm long, about 2mm in diameter, calyx with several longitudinal striations at the lower part. Petals yellowish white, unflowering occurring above the calyx, pedicels slender. Texture light, broken after rubbing, odorless, taste slightly bitter and astringent.

Identification  : 1.Powder: Yellowish green, pollen grains subspherical or obtusely triangular, 14 - 19µm in diameter with 3 pores. Non-glandular hairs consisting of 1 - 3 cells, 86 - 660µm long. Stomata, anomocytic with 4 - 8 subsidiary cells. Prisms of calcium oxalate infrequently visible.2.To 0.1g of the powder add 10ml of ethanol, heat for 5 minutes and filter. To 1ml of the filtrate, add small quantity of magnesium powder and 2 - 3 drops of hydrochloric acid, a cherry red colour is produced.3.Shake 0.2g of the powder with 5 ml of methanol for 5 minutes, allow to stand for 10 minutes and filter, use the filtrate as the test solution. Dissolved rutin CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 4mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appandix Vl B), using silica G as the coating substance and ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (8:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10µl each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air, spray with 1% aluminum chloride TS. Allow to evaporate ethanol and examine under ultra violet light (365nm). The fluorescent spot due to rutin in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in the position and color to the fluorescent spot obtained with the reference solution.Assay: Reference Preparation, weigh accurately 200mg of rutin CRS, previously dried in vacuum to constant weight at 120ºC, to a 100 ml volumetric flask, dissolve in 70ml of methanol by warming gently on a water bath, allow to cool, add methanol to volume, mix well. Measure accurately 10ml of the solution into a 100ml volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, mix well (containing 0.2mg of anhydrous rutin per ml)Preparation of standard curve: Measure accurately 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0ml of the reference solution to 25ml of volumetric flask, add water to 6ml of 5% sodium nitirite solution separately, mix well. Allow to stand for 6 minutes, add 10ml of sodium hydroxide TS dilute with water to volume, mix well and allow to stand for 15 minutes. Measure the absorbance of the solutions at 500nm (Appendix V B). Plot the standard curve, taking the absorbance as ordinate and the concentration as abscessa.Procedure: Weigh accurately about 1g in coarse powder previously dried at 60ºC for 6 hours to a Soxhlet's extractor, add 120 ml ether and heat under reflux until the extract is colorless. Allow to cool and discard ether solvent, add 90ml of methanol again, heat under reflux until extract is colorless. Transfer the extract to a 100ml volumetric flask, wash the flask with a small quantity of methanol, combine the washings into the volumetric flask, add ethanol to volume and mix well. Measure accurately 10 ml to a 100 volumetric flask, add water to volume and mix well. Measure accurately 3ml to a 25ml volumetric flask. Proceed as describe under preparation for standard curve beginning at the words " add water to 6ml?". Measure the absorbance, read out the weight (µg) of rutin in the test solution from the standard curve and calculate the percentage content of C27H30O16. Huaihua and Huaimi, previously dried for 6 hours contains not less than 8.0% and 20.0% of rutin (C27H30O16 ) respectively.

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matterStir fried: stir fry as describe under the method for simple stir frying (Appendix ll D) until a dark yellow color is produced externally.Carbonized: Stir fry as describe under the method for carbonizing by stir frying (Appendix ll D) until a charred brown color is produced externally.

Action  : To arrest bleeding by reducing heat in blood, and to quench excess fire in the liver.

Indication  : hematochezia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, dysentery with bloody stools, abnormal uterine bleeding, spitting of blood, epistaxis; redness of the eyes, headache and dizziness due to excess fire in the liver

Precautions  :

Dosage  : 5 to 9 g.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry place, protected from moisture and moth.

Background

Huaijiaotan »±½ÇÌ¿ Huaishi »±Êµ Chinese Name (pinyin): Huaijiao

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Sophora Fruit

Specific Name  : Fructus sophorae

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in winter. Remove from foreign matter and dried.

Description  : Beaded, 1 - 6cm long, 0.6 - 1cm in diameter. Externally yellowish green or yellowish brown, shrunken and rough, the side of the dorsal suture yellow. Texture soft, shrunken after drying, easily broken at the collapsed part, fracture yellowish green, viscous, 1 - 6 seeds, reniform, about 8mm long, surface smooth, brownish black, raphe at one side round, greyish white, texture hard, 2 cotyledons, yellowish green, odr of mesocarp weak, taste bitter, testa of seeds bean-like on chewing.

Identification  :

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matter.Stir fried with honey: Sitr fry (cleaned) as described under the method for stir frying with honey (Appendix ll D) until the surface becomes lustrous and unsticky, using 5kg of refined honey per 100kg of Fructus Sophorae.

Action  : To remove heat and quench excess fire, and to arrest bleeding by reducing heat in blood.

Indication  : hematochezia caused by heat in the large intestine, hemorrhoidal bleeding; headache, dizziness and congestion of the dyess due to heat in the liver

Precautions  :

Dosage  : 6 to 9 g.

Storage  : Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.

Evidence or the Use of Sophora japonica in the Treatment of Epilepesy

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Vânia Rodrigues, Mónica Honrado, Joana Santos, M Alice Pinto, Joana S Amaral
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott as an adulterant of Ginkgo biloba (L.).
Phytomedicine: 2023, 128;155322
[PubMed:38569291] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Miao Wu, Yu Zhang, Peng Guo, Huiyuan Liu, Linkui Xia, Mengyuan Wang, Chuqi Zeng, Hongwei Wang, Fude Shang
##Title##
Genes (Basel): 2024, 15(3);
[PubMed:38540388] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Jingyuan Wu, Xinyi Ma, Xinmiao Wang, Guanghui Zhu, Heping Wang, Jie Li
Efficacy and safety of compound kushen injection for treating advanced colorectal cancer: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Heliyon: 2024, 10(5);e26981
[PubMed:38463847] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Zhaoshuo Li, Mi Zhang, Lixia Yang, Ding Fan, Peng Zhang, Li Zhang, Jianqing Zhang, Zhigang Lu
Sophoricoside ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury dependent on activating AMPK.
Eur J Pharmacol: 2024, 971;176439
[PubMed:38401605] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Laurent Peno-Mazzarino, Nikita Radionov, Marián Merino, Sonia González, José L Mullor, Jonathan Jones, Nuria Caturla
Protective Potential of a Botanical-Based Supplement Ingredient against the Impact of Environmental Pollution on Cutaneous and Cardiopulmonary Systems: Preclinical Study.
Curr Issues Mol Biol: 2024, 46(2);1530-1555
[PubMed:38392217] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)