Rheum officinale

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Nomenclature

Other Names:

Historical Use of Rheum officinale

Rheum officinale in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background

Dahuangtan ´ó»ÆÌ¿ Jiudahuang ¾Æ´ó»Æ Shengdahuang Éú´ó»Æ Shudahuang Êì´ó»Æ Chinese Name (pinyin): Dahuang

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Rhubarb

Specific Name  : Radix et rhizoma rhei

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in late autumn when stem and leaves are withered or in next spring just before budding, removed from rootlet and the outer bark, cut into segment or section either stringed together to be dried or dried directly.

Description  : In subcylindrical, conical ovoid or irregular shaped pieces. 3 - 17 cm long, 3 - 10 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish brown to reddish brown when peeled. Sometimes when whitish reticulations and scattered star spots (abnormally vascular bundles) visible, occasionally with brownish black, patches of cork, mostly with a hole through which the string passed and coarse wrinkles. Texture compact, sometimes rather loose and soft in the center, fracture reddish brown or yellowish brown, granular. Pith of the rhizome broad with a star spots arranged in a ring or irregularly scattered. Wood of the root well developed, lined radially, cambium ring distinct without star spots. Odour delicately aromatic, taste bitter and slightly astringent, sticky and gritty on chewing.

Identification  : 1.Transverse section: Most cork and cortex of fruit removed. In phloem, sieve tube groups distinct, parenchyma well developed, cambium in a ring, xylem with relatively dense rays. 2 - 4 cells wide. Containing brown masses, vessels unlignified, usually single or several grouped, sparsely arranged. Parenchymatous cells containing clusters of calcium oxalate and abundant starch granules. Pith of rhizome broad, usually showing mucilage cavities, containing reddish brown masses, abnormal vascular bundles scattered, cambium in a ring, xylem at the outside and phloem at the inside. Rays stellately radiated.Powder: Yellowish brown, clusters of calcium oxalate. 20 - 160 µm in diameter. Bordered pitted, reticulate, spiral and annular vessels unlignified. Starch granules fairly abundant, single granules subspheroidal or polygonal. 3 - 45 µm in diameter, hilum stellate, compound consisting of 2 - 8 components.2.Sublime a small quantity of the powder, rhombic needles or featherly crystals are visible.3.Macerate to 0.1g of the powder in 2o ml of methanol for 1 hour and filter. Evaporate 5 ml of the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of water, add 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, heat on a water bath for 30 minutes and cool immediately. Extract with 2 quantities each of 20 ml of ether. Combine the ether extracts, evaporate to dryness and dissolve the residue in 1 ml of chloroform as the test solution. Prepare a solution of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei reference drug in the same manner as the drug solution. Dissolve rhein CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B) using silica gel H containing sodium boxymethylcellulose as the coating substance and petroleum ether (30 - 60ºC)-ethyl formate-formic acid (15:5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 4 µl of each of the three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air and examine under ultra violet light (365 nm). The five orange fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution. The orange fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. The spot becomes red under sunlight on exposure to ammonia vapor.Rhaponticin: Macerate warmly 0.2 g of the powder in 2 ml of methanol for 10 minutes and cool. Apply 10 µl of the supernatant to a piece of filter paper and develop using 45% ethanol as the mobile phase. After developing and removal of the paper, dry it in the air and allow to stand for 10 minutes. Examine under ultra violet light (365 nm), a persistent bright violet fluorescence is not shown.Loss on drying: When dried at 105ºC for 6 hours, loses not more than 15.0% of its weight (Appendix lX G).Total ash: Not more than 10.0% (Appendix lX K)Acid insoluble ash: Not more than 0.8%

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices or pieces and dry it in the air.Stir fried with wine: Stir fry the slices as described under the method for stir frying with wine (Appendix ll D) to dryness.Prepared: Stew or steamed the pieces as described under the method for stewing or steaming with wine (Appendix ll D) until the drug darkens thoroughly.Carbonized: Stir fry the slices as described under the method for carbonizing by stir frying (Appendix ll D) until the outer surface charred and the inner surface turns to dark brown.

Action  : To cause catharsis and purge away heat, to reduce heat in blood and counteract toxicity, and to eliminate blood stasis and stimulate menstrual discahrge. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (stir-fried with wine): To remove toxic heat from the blood in th eupper portio

Indication  :

Precautions  : Used with caution in pregnancy.

Dosage  : 3 to 30 g; not to be decocted for a long time if it is used for catharsis; for external use, appropriate quantity to be ground into powder for topical application after mixing with liquid.

Storage  : Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.

Synonymns for Rheum officinale

Patent Medicines and Medicines with Multiple Ingredients that include Rheum officinale

Pharmaceutical Information

Chemical Constituents

Evidence or the Use of Rheum officinale in the Treatment of Epilepesy

Basic Science

Animal Studies

Cohort, Case-Control and Non-Randomized Trials

Randomized Controlled Trials

Meta-Analysis

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Aslihan Avanoglu-Guler, Corrado Campochiaro, Giacomo De Luca, Michael Hughes, Abdurrahman Tufan, Lorraine Green, Francesco Del Galdo, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Lorenzo Dagna
Calcinosis in systemic sclerosis: An update on pathogenesis, related complications, and management: A heavy burden still waiting to be lifted off patients' hands.
Semin Arthritis Rheum: 2024, 66;152431
[PubMed:38537324] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Aria Mohammadi Kordkheili, Charlotte Bekker, Alison M Hoens, Marieke Voshaar, Willemina Campbell, Loreto Carmona, Maarten de Wit, Lyn March, Sabrina Mai Nielsen, Beverley J Shea, Karine Toupin-April, Peter Tugwell, Kathleen Tymms, Ayano Kelly, Adherence Working Group
Strategies to promote implementation of core outcomes for medication adherence trials in rheumatology: A report from the OMERACT-Adherence Group.
Semin Arthritis Rheum: 2024, 66;152411
[PubMed:38537323] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Yu Mori, Takuya Izumiyama, Ryuichi Kanabuchi, Naoko Mori, Toshimi Aizawa
SAPHO syndrome with refractory mandibular osteitis.
Int J Rheum Dis: 2024, 27(2);e15059
[PubMed:38536745] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Xue Xiao, Xiaokang Guan, Zhouyi Xu, Qiao Lu
##Title##
Metabolites: 2024, 14(3);
[PubMed:38535291] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Esperanza Naredo, Maria Antonietta D Agostino, Lene Terslev, Carlos Pineda, M Isabel Miguel, Joan Blasi, George A Bruyn, Marion C Kortekaas, Peter Mandl, Rodina Nestorova, Marcin Szkudlarek, Plamen Todorov, Violeta Vlad, Priscilla Wong, Catherine Bakewell, Emilio Filippucci, Alen Zabotti, Mihaela Micu, Florentin Vreju, Mohamed Mortada, José Alexandre Mendonça, Carlos A Guillen-Astete, Otto Olivas-Vergara, Annamaria Iagnocco, Petra Hanova, Ilaria Tinazzi, Peter V Balint, Sibel Zehra Aydin, David Kane, Helen Keen, Gurjit S Kaeley, Ingrid Möller
Validation and incorporation of digital entheses into a preliminary GLobal OMERACT Ultrasound DActylitis Score (GLOUDAS) in psoriatic arthritis.
Ann Rheum Dis: 2024;
[PubMed:38531611] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Safety

Allergies

Side Effect and Warnings

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Adverse Effects