Polygonum tinctorium

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Nomenclature

Other Names:

Historical Use of Polygonum tinctorium

Polygonum tinctorium in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Liaodaqingye

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Indigoplant Leaf

Specific Name  : Folium polygoni tinctorii

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in summer and autumn when foliage branch growing luxuriantly, removed from stem and foreign matter and dried.

Description  : Mostly crumpled and broken, when whole, elliptical, 3 - 8cm long, 2 - 5cm wide, Bluish green or blackish blue, obtuse at the apex, narrowing at the base, margin entire. Veins pale yellowish brown, slightly prominent on the lower surface. Petioles flattened, occasionally with membraneceous ochreae. Texture fragile, odor slight, taste slightly astringent and bitter.

Identification  : 1.Leaf in surface view: epidermal cells polygonal, anticlinal walls straight or slightly sinuous, stomata paracytic, few anomocytic. Glandular hairs wit 4 - 8 celled head and a bicellulr or multicellular stalk. Non-glandular hairs multiseriate with lignified thickened walls frequently occurring in the edge and midrib of leaf. Mesopyll tissue containing numerous blue to bluish black pigment granules. Clester of calcium oxalate numerous, 12 - 80µm in diameter.2.Concentrate 10ml of the chloroform solution obtained under Assay to 1ml, use solution as the test solution. Dissolve indigo CRS in chloroform to make a solution conatining 1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin laeyer chromatography (Appendix Vl B) using silica gel G as the coating substance and benzene-chloroform-acetone (5:4:1) as themobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5µl each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. The blue spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtain with the reference solution.Assay: Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix Vl D)Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and methanol water (6:4) as the mobile phase. The wave length of the detector id 604nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 1800, calculated with the reference to the peak of indigo.Preparation of reference solution: Dissolve 2.5mg of indigo CRS, accurately weighed in 250ml volumetric falsk, add about 200 ml of 2% solution of chloral hydrate in chloroform (weigh 2.0g of chloral hydrate, previously dried over silica gel in dessicator for 24 hours. Add chloroform to 100ml, allow to stand until the solution is turbid, dehydrate with anhydious sodium sulfate and filter), ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 33kHz) for 1.5 hours, allow to cool to roomn temperature, dilute 2% solution of chloral hydrate in chloroform to volume and mix well (containing 10µg of indigo per ml)Preparation of test solution: Weigh accurately 25mg of the fine powder in a 25ml volumetric flask about 20ml of 2% solution of chloral hydrate in chlorofrom, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 1.5 hours, allow to cool to room temperature. Dilute with 2% solution chloral hydrate in chloroform to volume, mix well and filter. Discard the initial filtrate and use the succeeding one as the test solution.Procedure: Inject accurately 4 - 10µl of each of reference solution and the test solution into the column, ditermine and calculate the content. It contains not less than 0.50% of indigo (C16H10N2O2).

Processing  :

Action  : To remove toxic heat, and to cause subsidence of eruptions by reducing heat in blood.

Indication  : fever and eruptions in epidemic diseases; cough and asthma due to heat in the lung; inflammation of the throat, mumps, erysipelas, carbuncle

Precautions  :

Dosage  : 9 to 15 g; for external use, appropriate quantity of the fresh leaves to be pounded into paste and applied topically.

Storage  : Preserve in a ventilated dry place.

P471 2.jpg
P256 2.jpg
Tcm308.jpg

Nomenclature

Other Names:

Historical Use of Polygonum tinctorium

Polygonum tinctorium in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Qingdai

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Natural Indigo

Specific Name  : Indigo naturalis

Scientific Name:
Collection  :

Description  : Description: a deep blue powder, light and pufffy or irregular and porous masses, finely powdered on twisting, odour slightly grassy and taste weak.

Identification  : 1.Burn gently small quantity of powder, a purplish red smoke is produced.2.To a small quantity of the powder, add nitric acid dropwise, a brownish red or yellowish brown colour s produced with effervescence.3.To 50mg of the drug add 5ml of chloroform, stir well and filter, the filtrate used as the test solution. Dissolve indigo CRS and indirubin CRS in chloroform to prepare a solution containing 1mg of each per ml. Use as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B), using silica gel G as the coating substance and benzene-chloroform-acetone (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 - 10µl of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. The blue spot and pale purplish red spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.Water soluble pigment: Shake 0.5g of the powder with 10 ml of water and allow to stand for a moment, the water layer shows no deep blue colour.Assay: Reference preparation: Sulfonate 20mg of indigo CRS accurately weighed in a flask by adding 15ml of sulfuric acid slowly and with a constant stiring gently on a water bath at 80ºC for 1 hour. Allow to cool, transfer the solution slowly to a 200ml volumetric flask containing a quality of water. Wash the flask and the residue with water. Combine the washing to a volumetric flask, add water to volume and mix well. Filter and discard the initial filtrate. Measure accurately 5ml of the successive filtrate to a 50ml volumetric flask, add water and mix well (containing 10µg of indigo per ml.Preparation of standard curve: Measure accurately 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0ml of the reference solution respectively into a 10ml volumetric flask, add water to volume and mix well. Carry out the method for spectrophotometry (Appendix V B). Measure the absorbance at 610nm and plot the standard curve using the absorbance as ordinate and concentration abscissa.Procedure: Weigh accurately 0.4g of the fine powder, carry out the procedure as described under reference preparation, beginning at the words "in a flask Media wiki admin 14:15, 21 March 2013 (EDT)" to" discard the initial filtrate, measure accurately 5ml of the successive filtrate". Transfer the filtrate to a 50ml or 100ml volumetric flask (adjust the absorbance to be within 0.20 - 0.45), add water to volume and mix well. Measure the absorbance at 610nm and read out the weight of indigo (µg) in the test solution from the standard curve and calculate the percentage content of C16H10N2O2. It contains not less than 2.0% of Indigo.

Processing  :

Action  : To remove toxic heat, to reduce heat in blood, and to relieve convulsions.

Indication  : eruptive epidemic diseases; spitting of blood and epistaxis due to heat in the blood, chest pain and hemoptysis; ulcers in the mouth; mumps; pharyngitis, laryngitis; infantile convulsions

Precautions  :

Dosage  : 1.5 to 3 g, used for making pills or powder, appropriate quantity for exteranl use.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry place.

Synonymns for Polygonum tinctorium

Patent Medicines and Medicines with Multiple Ingredients that include Polygonum tinctorium

Pharmaceutical Information

Chemical Constituents

Evidence or the Use of Polygonum tinctorium in the Treatment of Epilepesy

Basic Science

Animal Studies

Cohort, Case-Control and Non-Randomized Trials

Randomized Controlled Trials

Meta-Analysis

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Yiqi Xu, Chengyuan Lin, Hor-Yue Tan, Zhao-Xiang Bian
The double-edged sword effect of indigo naturalis.
Food Chem Toxicol: 2024, 185;114476
[PubMed:38301993] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ju Ryeong Lee, Kyoung Jin Park, Song Lim Ham, Jonghwan Kim, Chung Sub Kim
Structure Revision of Anti-Inflammatory Indole Alkaloids with a 1,2-Benzisoxazole Ring.
ACS Omega: 2023, 8(15);13967-13970
[PubMed:37091423] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Nowshin Farjana, Zhihao Tu, Hiromitsu Furukawa, Isao Yumoto
Environmental factors contributing to the convergence of bacterial community structure during indigo reduction.
Front Microbiol: 2023, 14;1097595
[PubMed:36876097] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Shogo Kawaguchi, Hirotake Sakuraba, Hidezumi Kikuchi, Kota Matsuki, Yudai Hayashi, Jiangli Ding, Yusuke Tanaka, Kazuhiko Seya, Tomoh Matsumiya, Hiroto Hiraga, Shinsaku Fukuda, Kenroh Sasaki, Tadaatsu Imaizumi
##Title##
Exp Ther Med: 2023, 25(3);112
[PubMed:36793327] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Helena de Fátima Silva Lopes, Zhihao Tu, Hisako Sumi, Isao Yumoto
##Title##
Front Microbiol: 2022, 13;957809
[PubMed:36016790] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Safety

Allergies

Side Effect and Warnings

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Adverse Effects