Polygonum cuspidatum

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Huzhang

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Giant Knotweed rhizome

Specific Name  : Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from rootlet, washed clean, cut into short section or thick slice when fresh and dried in the sun.

Description  : Mostly in cylindrical short sections or irregular thick slices, 1 - 7 cm long, 0.5 - 2.5 cm in diameter, externally brown, showing longitudinal wrinkles and rootlets scars. In transversely cut surface, bark relatively thin, wood broad, yellowish brown with radial rays. Easily separated from wood. Pith in a rhizome septated or hollowed. Texture hard, odor slight, taste slightly bitter and astringent.

Identification  : 1.Macerate 5g of the powder in 25 ml of ethanol for 2 hours, filter evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Stir the residue well with about 5ml of water. Extract the supernatant liquid with 10 ml of chloroform, evaporate the chloroform solution to dryness. Add 2 drops of sodium hydroxide TS to residue, a cherry red color is produced.2.Extract the aqueous solution obtained after extracting with chloroform under Identification test (1) with 10 ml of ethyl acetate, evaporate the ethyl acetate solution to dryness. Add about 5 ml of water to residue, extract with 5 ml of ether. Evaporate the ether solution to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol. Apply the ethanol solution to filter paper. Dry it in the air and examine under ultra violet light (365 nm), a bright blue fluorescence is shown. To the above aqueous solution, add 2 drops of ferric chloride TS, a dull green color is produced.3.To 0.11 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 15 minutes, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Hydrolyze the residue by adding 5 ml of 2.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution and heating for 30 minutes. Allow to cool and extract with 2 quantities, each 5ml of chloroform. Combine the extract of chloroform and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of chloroform as the test solution. To emodin CRS and physcion CRS, add methanol separately to prepare solution containing 1 mg of each per ml as the reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B), using silica gel G as the coating substance and the upper layer of petroleum ether-ethyl formiate-formic acid (15:5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 4`µl of the test solution and 1 µl of the reference solution to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. Examine under ultra violet light (365 nm), the orange fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. After fumigating to ammonia vapor, examine under daylight the spots turn to red.Assay: Standard preparation: Weigh accurately 10 mg of emodin CRS in 100 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve in methanol and dilute to volume, mix well and used as the standard solution (containing 0.1 mg of emodin per ml.Test preparation: Weigh accurately 0.5g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve) [perform the determination of loss in drying at 105ºC] in a 100 ml volumetric flask. Add 90 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequence 300 Hz) for 30 minutes, allow to cool to room temperature and dilute with methanol to volume. Shake thoroughly, filter and discard the initial filtrate, measure accurately 10 ml of the successive filtrate to 100ml rounded-bottom flask. After evaporating of the methanol, add 20 ml of 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution. Heat under reflux for 2 hours. Allow to cool. Transfer to a separator, wash the container with quantity of chloroform and combine to the separator. Separate the chloroform layer to a 50 ml volumetric flask. Extract the acidic solution with 2 quantities each of 8 ml of chloroform combine the extract to the flask, dilute with chloroform to volume, mix well and used as the test solution.Procedure: Measure accurately 2 and 3 ml of the standard solution, 10 ml of the test solution and evaporate to dryness. Add accurately 20 ml of a mixture of equal quantities of 2% ammonia and 5% sodium hydroxide solution, filter sintered glass filter No. 3. Carry out the method for spectrophotometry (Appendix V B). Measure the absorbance of the successive filtrate, taking the reagent solution as a blank at 520nm and calculate. It contains not less than 1.5% of total anthraquinone calculated as emodin (C15 H10O5) on the dried basis.

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matters, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices and dry.

Action  : To dispel wind and damp, to eliminate blood stasis and alleviate pain, to relieve cough, and to resolve phlegm.

Indication  : arthalgia; jaundice caused by damp-heat; amenorrhea; mass formation in the abdomen; cough with profuse expectoration; scalds and burns; traumatic injuries; carbuncles and sores

Precautions  : Used with caution in pregnancy.

Dosage  : 9 to 15 g; for external use, appropriate quntity to be made into decoction or ointment and applied topically.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry plae, protected from mould and moth.

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Huzhang

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Giant Knotweed rhizome

Specific Name  : Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from rootlet, washed clean, cut into short section or thick slice when fresh and dried in the sun.

Description  : Mostly in cylindrical short sections or irregular thick slices, 1 - 7 cm long, 0.5 - 2.5 cm in diameter, externally brown, showing longitudinal wrinkles and rootlets scars. In transversely cut surface, bark relatively thin, wood broad, yellowish brown with radial rays. Easily separated from wood. Pith in a rhizome septated or hollowed. Texture hard, odor slight, taste slightly bitter and astringent.

Identification  : 1.Macerate 5g of the powder in 25 ml of ethanol for 2 hours, filter evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Stir the residue well with about 5ml of water. Extract the supernatant liquid with 10 ml of chloroform, evaporate the chloroform solution to dryness. Add 2 drops of sodium hydroxide TS to residue, a cherry red color is produced.2.Extract the aqueous solution obtained after extracting with chloroform under Identification test (1) with 10 ml of ethyl acetate, evaporate the ethyl acetate solution to dryness. Add about 5 ml of water to residue, extract with 5 ml of ether. Evaporate the ether solution to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol. Apply the ethanol solution to filter paper. Dry it in the air and examine under ultra violet light (365 nm), a bright blue fluorescence is shown. To the above aqueous solution, add 2 drops of ferric chloride TS, a dull green color is produced.3.To 0.11 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 15 minutes, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Hydrolyze the residue by adding 5 ml of 2.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution and heating for 30 minutes. Allow to cool and extract with 2 quantities, each 5ml of chloroform. Combine the extract of chloroform and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of chloroform as the test solution. To emodin CRS and physcion CRS, add methanol separately to prepare solution containing 1 mg of each per ml as the reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B), using silica gel G as the coating substance and the upper layer of petroleum ether-ethyl formiate-formic acid (15:5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 4`µl of the test solution and 1 µl of the reference solution to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. Examine under ultra violet light (365 nm), the orange fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. After fumigating to ammonia vapor, examine under daylight the spots turn to red.Assay: Standard preparation: Weigh accurately 10 mg of emodin CRS in 100 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve in methanol and dilute to volume, mix well and used as the standard solution (containing 0.1 mg of emodin per ml.Test preparation: Weigh accurately 0.5g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve) [perform the determination of loss in drying at 105ºC] in a 100 ml volumetric flask. Add 90 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequence 300 Hz) for 30 minutes, allow to cool to room temperature and dilute with methanol to volume. Shake thoroughly, filter and discard the initial filtrate, measure accurately 10 ml of the successive filtrate to 100ml rounded-bottom flask. After evaporating of the methanol, add 20 ml of 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution. Heat under reflux for 2 hours. Allow to cool. Transfer to a separator, wash the container with quantity of chloroform and combine to the separator. Separate the chloroform layer to a 50 ml volumetric flask. Extract the acidic solution with 2 quantities each of 8 ml of chloroform combine the extract to the flask, dilute with chloroform to volume, mix well and used as the test solution.Procedure: Measure accurately 2 and 3 ml of the standard solution, 10 ml of the test solution and evaporate to dryness. Add accurately 20 ml of a mixture of equal quantities of 2% ammonia and 5% sodium hydroxide solution, filter sintered glass filter No. 3. Carry out the method for spectrophotometry (Appendix V B). Measure the absorbance of the successive filtrate, taking the reagent solution as a blank at 520nm and calculate. It contains not less than 1.5% of total anthraquinone calculated as emodin (C15 H10O5) on the dried basis.

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matters, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices and dry.

Action  : To dispel wind and damp, to eliminate blood stasis and alleviate pain, to relieve cough, and to resolve phlegm.

Indication  : arthalgia; jaundice caused by damp-heat; amenorrhea; mass formation in the abdomen; cough with profuse expectoration; scalds and burns; traumatic injuries; carbuncles and sores

Precautions  : Used with caution in pregnancy.

Dosage  : 9 to 15 g; for external use, appropriate quntity to be made into decoction or ointment and applied topically.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry plae, protected from mould and moth.

Evidence or the Use of Polygonum cuspidatum in the Treatment of Epilepesy

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Jin-Yang Lai, Xi-Ling Fan, Hai-Bo Zhang, Sheng-Chao Wang, Hui Wang, Xia Ma, Zhi-Qiang Zhang
Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide: A review of its extraction and purification, structure analysis, and biological activity.
J Ethnopharmacol: 2024;118079
[PubMed:38513776] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Zhipeng Yan, Fanpu Ji, Ruijuan Yan, Junzhe Jiao, Wenba Wang, Miaomiao Zhang, Fenhong Li, Yunyu Zhao, Zhanjie Chang, Shuguang Yan, Jingtao Li
Reyanning mixture inhibits M1 macrophage polarization through the glycogen synthesis pathway to improve lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
J Ethnopharmacol: 2024, 328;118005
[PubMed:38508433] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Huanying Guo, Simeng Hu, Hongyu Ran, Hongjing Dong, Xiao Wang, Hengqiang Zhao
Screening and characterization of potential anti-gout components from Polygonum cuspidatum by integration off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with affinity ultrafiltration and on-line HPLC-ABTS.
J Pharm Biomed Anal: 2024, 243;116103
[PubMed:38492510] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Harshita Singhai, Sunny Rathee, Sanjay K Jain, Umesh Kumar Patil
The Potential of Natural Products in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease.
Curr Pharm Des: 2024;
[PubMed:38477208] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I a)

Run-Ze Cao, Qing-Yan Gai, Jiao Jiao, Yuan Wang, Yu-Jie Fu, Si-Ming Nie, Yao Lu
Surface molecularly imprinted polymers based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the highly selective purification of resveratrol from crude extracts of Vitis vinifera, Arachis hypogaea, and Polygonum cuspidatum.
J Sep Sci: 2024, 47(4);e2300811
[PubMed:38403440] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)