Physochlaina infundibularis

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Huashanshen

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Funneled Physochlaina Root

Specific Name  : Radix physochlainae

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in spring, remove from rootlet, wash clean and dried in the sun.

Description  : Long conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, some branched, 10 - 20 cm long. 1 - 2.5 cm in diameter. Externally brownish yellow, showing 1 yellow white, lenticels, some rootlet scars and longitudinal wrinkles, appearing annulated on the upper part. At the top usually showing 1 to several rhizomes, exhibiting some stem scars and more warts. Texture hard, fracture whitish or yellowish white, bark narrow, wood broad with fine and dense striations arranged radially. Odour, tobacco-like, taste bitterish and slight numb.

Identification  : 1.Transverse section: Cork of several to over 10 layers of cells, the outermost ones yellowish brown. Cambium ring distinct. Xylem occupying the majority of the root, several vessels grouped, some of them accompanied by fine sieve tubes known as interxylary phloem. Wood parenchyma and rays showing cells containing sand crystal. Sometimes vessels and groups of vessels near the center surrounded by several up to more than 10 layers of brown, flattened and suberized cells, containing yellowish brown contents. Parenchymatous cells filled with starch granules, some containing sand crystals of calcium oxalate.Powder: Greyish white, starch grains fairly abundant, simple granules subspheroidal or hemispheroidal. 3 - 15 µm in diameter, hilum pointed, cleft or Y shape. Compound granules of 2 - 4 components. Sand crystal mostly embedded in parenchymatous cells. Reticulate vessels 17 - 85 µm in diameter.2.To 4 g of the fine powder add 15 ml of 85% ethanol, shake for 15 minutes and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Add 2 ml of 1% sulfuric acid solution, stir and filter. Adjust the filtrate alkaline by adding ammonia TS then extract with 2 ml of chloroform. Evaporate the chloroform extract to dryness. To the residue add 5 drops of fuming nitric acid, evaporate to dryness on a water bath. Allow to cool, add 3 - 4 drops of ethanolic potassium hydroxide, a violet colour is produced.3.Moisten 1 g of the medium powder with 2 ml of the mixture of concentrated ammonia solution ethanol (1:1) and add 20 ml of chloroform. Heat under reflux on a water bath for 1 hour and filter. Evaporate the filtrate carefully to dryness and add chloroform to 1 ml as the test solution. Dissolve atropine sulfate CRS, scopolamine hydrobromide CRS, anisoddamine hydrobromide CRS and scopoletin CRS in ethanol to produced a mixture containing 1 mg of each per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B) using silica gel G as the coating substance and ethyl acetate-methanol concentrated ammonia solution (17:2:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 µl of each of the two solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. Examine under ultra violet light (365 nm). The bluish white fluorescent spot (scopoletin) in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. Spray successively with potassium iodobismuthate TS and ethanolic sodium nitrite TS. The four brown spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained in the reference solution.Assay: Standard Preparation: Weigh accurately atropine sulfate CRS, dried previously to constant weight at 120ºC. Add water to prepare a solution containing 75 µg of hyoscyamine per ml as the reference solution.Test preparation: Weigh accurately 0.25 g of medium powder to stoppered conical flask, add accurately 10 ml of citric acid sodium dihydrogen phosphate BS(pH4.0), shake for 5 minutes and allow to stand for overnight, filter with dried filter paper, discard the initial filtrate and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.Procedure: Measure accurately 2 ml of each of the test and reference solution to separator respectively. Add accurately 10 ml of citric acid sodium dihydrogen phosphate BS(pH4.0) and 2 ml of 0.04% bromocresol green solution prepared with above BS separately, mix well, extract by shaking with 10 ml of chloroform for 5 minutes and wait for the solution dividing layer completely. Separate the chloroform layer, filter with the filter paper moisten with chloroform to a 25 ml volumetric flask. Extract again with chloroform for three times, 5 ml for each, filter to the flask in portions and wash the filter paper with chloroform, dilute to volume. Carry out the method for spectrophotometry (Appendix V B), measure the absorbance at 415nm and calculate. It contains not less than 0.20% of alkaloids calculated as hyoscyamine.

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean and dry. Break to pieces before use.

Action  : To relieve athma with thin espectoration; palpitation and insomnia.

Indication  : cough and asthma with thin expectoration; palpitation and insomnia

Precautions  : Overdosage may cause intoxication. Contraindicated to patients with glaucoma. Used with caution in pregnancy and in patients with marked prostatomegaly.

Dosage  : 0.1 to 0.2 g.

Storage  : Preserve in a ventilated dry place, protected from moth.

Evidence or the Use of Physochlaina infundibularis in the Treatment of Epilepesy

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Jin-Yan Tan, Jian-Li Li, Pei Li, Lu Zhang, Yan-Gang Cheng, Yan Wang, Xiao-Nan Ma, Xu-Liang Hao, Ying-Li Wang
Two New Amides from Physochlainae Radix.
Chem Biodivers: 2023, 20(9);e202300556
[PubMed:37469185] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Mengge Zhou, Xiaoyao Ma, Jixue Sun, Guoyu Ding, Qingxin Cui, Yan Miao, Yuanyuan Hou, Min Jiang, Gang Bai
Active fragments-guided drug discovery and design of selective tropane alkaloids using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with virtual calculation and biological evaluation.
Anal Bioanal Chem: 2017, 409(4);1145-1157
[PubMed:27796460] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)