Panax japonicus var. major

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Zhuzishen

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Largeleaf Japanese Ginseng Rhizome

Specific Name  : Rhizoma panacis majoris

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in autumn, removed from rough bark and rootlet, dried or dried after steamed (boiled) thoroughly.

Description  : Slightly cylindrical or irregular oblate, occasionally beaded, 0.5 - 2.8 cm in diameter. Externally brownish yellow or yellowish brown with distinct warty protrudings and wrinkles, occasionally with rounded sunken stem scars, sometimes remaining fine internodes laterally or bilaterally. Texture hard fracture uneven, pale yellowish white, starchy. Odour slight; taste, bitter and slightly sweet with irritating sensation.Steamed or boiled rhizomes: Transversely cut surface, yellowish white or yellowish brown, slightly horny, taste slightly sweet and bitter, not irritating or chewing.

Identification  : 1.Transverse section: Cork consisting of several layers of cells. Cortex slightly narrow with rounded or oblong secretory ducts, 32 - 500 µm in diameter surrounded by 5 - 18 secretory cells. Secretory ducts in phloem relatively small. Cambium ring interrupted. Vessels up to 76 µm in diameter arranged radially or in V-shape. Medullary rays wide. Pith in the center. Parenchymatous cells containing starch granules and some containing clusters of calcium oxalate.2.Macerate 1 g of the powder in 10 ml of water over night then warm for 10 minutes and filter immediately. Transfer 1 ml of each of the filtrate to two test tubes with stopper, add two ml of sodium hydroxide TS to one tube and 2 ml of hydrochloric acid solution (1Õ20) to another, shake vigorously for 1 minute. The height of the foams produced in the acid tube in two times as high as that in the alkali tube.3.Shake 0.5g of the powder with 5 ml of ethanol for 30 minutes and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add dropwise a saturate solution of antimony chloride in chloroform, evaporate to dryness again, a purple color is produced4.To 1 g of the powder add 5 -10 drops of water and stir well. Add 10 ml of n-butanol solution saturated with water, stopper tightly, shake for about 10 minutes and allow to stand overnight, filter and evaporate to dryness. To the residue, add 10 ml of a mixture of sulfuric acid and 30% ethanol (1Õ20), heat under reflux for 2 hours and extract with 20 ml of chloroform. Wash the chloroform extract with 10 ml of water (centrifuge if necessary). Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve olealonic acid CRS and panaxadiol CRS to produce a mixture containing 1.5 mg of olealonic acid CRS and 0.5 panaxadiol CRS as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B), using silica gel G as the coating substance and benzene-ethyl acetate (1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 µl of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air. Spray with sulfuric acid solution (1Õ10), heat at 105ºC for about 10 minutes. Examine under ultra-violet light (365 nm). The fluorescence spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

Processing  : Eliminate foreign matter, pound to pieces before use.

Action  : To nourish yin and replenish the lung, to promote the flow of qi in collaterals, and to arrest bleeding.

Indication  : deficiency of both qi and yin characterized by fever and thirst, cough in consumptive diseases; traumatic injuries, joint pain; hemoptysis, hematemesis, traumatic bleeding

Precautions  :

Dosage  : 3 to 9 g; for exteranl use, appropriate quantity to be ground into powder and applied topically.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth.

Evidence or the Use of Panax japonicus var. major in the Treatment of Epilepesy

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Jie Liu, Xue Li, Jing-Wen Guo, Bo-Xue Chen, He Sun, Jia-Qi Huang, Ying Hu, Xiao-Yan Xu, Mei-Ting Jiang, Xiu-Mei Gao, Wen-Zhi Yang, Qi-Long Wang, De-An Guo
Characterization and comparison of cardiomyocyte protection activities of non-starch polysaccharides from six ginseng root herbal medicines.
Int J Biol Macromol: 2023, 253(Pt 3);126994
[PubMed:37730001] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Meiting Jiang, Xiaohang Li, Yuying Zhao, Yadan Zou, Maoli Bai, Zhiming Yang, Wei Wang, Xiaoyan Xu, Hongda Wang, Wenzhi Yang, Qinhua Chen, Dean Guo
Characterization of ginsenosides from Panax japonicus var. major (Zhu-Zi-Shen) based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging.
Chin Med: 2023, 18(1);115
[PubMed:37684699] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Yue-Guang Mi, Xiao-Yan Xu, Li-Li Hong, Mei-Ting Jiang, Bo-Xue Chen, Xiao-Hang Li, Hong-da Wang, Ya-Dan Zou, Xin Zhao, Zheng Li, De-An Guo, Wen-Zhi Yang
##Title##
J Agric Food Chem: 2023, 71(24);9391-9403
[PubMed:37294034] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Xiaoyan Xu, Meiting Jiang, Xiaohang Li, Yu Wang, Meiyu Liu, Hongda Wang, Yueguang Mi, Boxue Chen, Xiumei Gao, Wenzhi Yang
Three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram by online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Application to the identification and differentiation of ginseng from herbal medicines to various Chinese patent medicines.
J Chromatogr A: 2023, 1700;464042
[PubMed:37163941] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ruifeng Ji, Thomas Avery Garran, Yilu Luo, Meng Cheng, Mengyue Ren, Xiuteng Zhou
##Title##
Molecules: 2023, 28(6);
[PubMed:36985717] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)