Datura inoxia

Background

Chinese Name (pinyin): Yangjinhua

Chinese Name  :

Common Name  :Datura Flower

Specific Name  : Flos daturae

Scientific Name:
Collection  : The drug is collected in April to November at the beginning of the flowering, dried in the sun or at low temperature.

Description  : Usually crumpled and strip-shaped when whole, 9 - 15cm long, calyx tubular, 2/5 in length of corolla, greyish green or greyish yellow, apex 5 lobed with 5 longitudinal veins at the base, surface slightly pubescent, corolla trumpet shaped, pale yellow or yellowish brown, apex slightly 5 lobed, lobes short acuminate with three distinct longitudinal veins below the acumination, slightly sunken between the two lobes, stamens 5, filaments adnate to the corolla tube, ¾ in length of corolla, pistil 1, stigma stick shaped. Texture of samples by heat dried., pliable, odour characteristic. That of sun dried sample, fragile, odour slight, taste slightly bitter.

Identification  : 1.Powder: Pale yellow, pollen grains subspherical or oblong, 42-65µm in diameter with striate sculptures. Non-glandular hairs of calyx 1-3 celled with warts on the walls. Glandular hairs each with a 1-5 celled head and a 1-5 celled stalk. Non-glandular hairs on the edge of the corolla lobe, 1-10 celled with slightly warty prominences on the walls. Non-glandular hairs on the base of filament, thick, 1-5 celled upt ot 128µm in diameter at the base, apex obtusely rounded, sand crystals, prisms and clusters of calcium oxalate occurring in the cells of corolla and calyx.2.1g of the powder, add 1ml of concentrated ammonia TS, mix well, add 25ml of chloroform and stir well. Allow to stand over night, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of chloroform. Use the solution as the test solution. Dissolve atropine sulfate CRS and scopolamine hydrobromide CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 4mg each per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix Vl B), using silica gel G as the coating substance and ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia solution (17:2:1) as the mobile phase. Apply 10µl of each of the two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in the air, spray with dilute potassium iodobismuthate TS. The spots due to atropine test solution correspond in position and colour to those obtained with the reference solution.Assay: Place about 10g, accurately weighed fine powder and previously dried for 4 hours at 160ºC to a Soxhlet's extractor, moisten with a quantity of a mixture of ethanol concentrated ammonia TS ether (5:4:10). Allow to stand for 12 hours, add 70ml of ether, heat under reflux for about 3 hours on water bath until the alkaloids are extracted completely. Evaporate the extract on a water bath to remove most of ether, add 25ml of sulfuric acid solution (0.25mol/L) and continue to evaporate the ether completely. Allow the solution to stand until it is slightly warm, filter through absorvent cotton, transfer filtrate to a separator. Wash the residue with 5ml of sulfuric acid solution (0.25mol/L) and then with two 5ml portions of water. Combine the washings with the acid solution, extract with 10,5,5ml of chloroform until the chloroform layers becomes colourless. Combine the chloroform solutions, extract with 10ml of sulfuric acid solution (0.25mol/L). Discard the chloroform layer, combine the acid solutions and neutralize with concentrated ammonia TS and add 2ml in excess. Extract immediately with 20,15,15,10,5ml of chloroform until the alkaloids are extracted completely. Filter the chloroform solutions through the same funnel with a layer of anhydrous sodium sulfate. Wash with funnel with 2 portions of 4ml of chloroform. Combine the chloroform extracts and washings and evaporate the solvent on a water bath. Add 3ml of neutral ethanol to dissolve the residue, evaporate to dryness and heat for 15 minutes. Dissolve the residue in 2ml of chloroform by heating gently, Add accurately 20ml of sulfuric acid (0.01mol/L) VS and heat on a water bath to remove the chloroform, cool to room temperature, add 2 - 3 drops of methyl red IS, titrate with sodium hydroxide (0.02mol/L) VS to yellow colour. Each ml of sulfuric acid (0.01mol/L) VS is equivalent to 6.068mg of C17H21NO4 dried at 60ºC for 4 hours. It contains not less than 0.30% of alkaloids, calculated as scopolamine (C17H21NO4) on the dried basis at 60ºC for 4 hours.

Processing  :

Action  : To relieve asthma and cough, to alleviate pain, and to arrest spasm.

Indication  : asthma and cough; epigastric pain with cold sensation; rheumatic arthralgia; chronic infantile convulsions; anaesthesia for surgical operations

Precautions  : Contraindicated in patients with cough and asthma caused by respiratory affections, glaucoma, or hypertension.

Dosage  : 0.3 to 0.6 g, mostly used in making pills or powder. It may be inhalated subdivided in the dosage from of cigarettes (dailt does not exceeding 1.5 g). Appropriate quantity for external use.

Storage  : Preserve in a dry place, protected from mould and moth.

Evidence or the Use of Datura inoxia in the Treatment of Epilepesy

1st Five Results: pubmed search

Zahra Tardast, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Mostafa Ebadi, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili
Carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) improved production of atropine in callus of Datura inoxia by influencing metabolism, gene regulation, and DNA cytosine methylation; an in vitro biological assessment.
Plant Physiol Biochem: 2023, 202;107975
[PubMed:37634333] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Zahra Tardast, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Mostafa Ebadi, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili
Corona discharge plasma stimulated production of atropine in callus of Datura inoxia by DNA hypomethylation and gene regulation: a novel technology for plant cell and tissue culture.
Protoplasma: 2023, 260(6);1515-1525
[PubMed:37233753] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Zyanya Mayoral-Peña, Víctor Lázaro-Vidal, Juan Fornoni, Roberto Álvarez-Martínez, Etzel Garrido
Studying Plant-Insect Interactions through the Analyses of the Diversity, Composition, and Functional Inference of Their Bacteriomes.
Microorganisms: 2022, 11(1);
[PubMed:36677331] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Wenwen Lian, Yuwei Wang, Jia Zhang, Yu Yan, Congyuan Xia, He Gan, Xiaoyan Wang, Ting Yang, Jiekun Xu, Jun He, Weiku Zhang
The genus Datura L. (Solanaceae): A systematic review of botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology.
Phytochemistry: 2022, 204;113446
[PubMed:36152725] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Savanah Senn, Kelly Pangell, Adrianna L Bowerman
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BioTech (Basel): 2022, 11(1);
[PubMed:35822810] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)